Finland’s R&D Expenditure (% of GDP)
#85 of 105 in the R&D Expenditure progress rankings
Gross domestic expenditure on Research & Development as a percentage of GDP. Includes current and capital spending from business, government, higher education, and private non-profit sectors.
Latest (2022)
2.96 %
Year-over-year
-0.03 %
Change since start (1996→2022)
+0.51 %
Key insights
- From 1996 to 2022, R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) changed by +0.51 %.
- Most recent year-over-year change (2021→2022): -0.03 %.
- Lowest level: 2.45 % in 1996.
- Highest level: 3.73 % in 2009.
R&D Expenditure Chart (1996–2022)
*Average based on available data from 193 UN member countries
R&D Expenditure Table (1996–2022)
| Year | R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 1996 | 2.45 % |
| 1997 | 2.62 % |
| 1998 | 2.78 % |
| 1999 | 3.06 % |
| 2000 | 3.24 % |
| 2001 | 3.19 % |
| 2002 | 3.25 % |
| 2003 | 3.30 % |
| 2004 | 3.31 % |
| 2005 | 3.32 % |
| 2006 | 3.33 % |
| 2007 | 3.34 % |
| 2008 | 3.54 % |
| 2009 | 3.73 % |
| 2010 | 3.71 % |
| 2011 | 3.62 % |
| 2012 | 3.40 % |
| 2013 | 3.27 % |
| 2014 | 3.15 % |
| 2015 | 2.87 % |
| 2016 | 2.72 % |
| 2017 | 2.73 % |
| 2018 | 2.76 % |
| 2019 | 2.80 % |
| 2020 | 2.91 % |
| 2021 | 2.99 % |
| 2022 | 2.96 % |
Source: World Bank