North Macedonia’s R&D Expenditure (% of GDP)
#36 of 105 in the R&D Expenditure progress rankings
Gross domestic expenditure on Research & Development as a percentage of GDP. Includes current and capital spending from business, government, higher education, and private non-profit sectors.
Latest (2023)
0.40 %
Year-over-year
+0.02 %
Change since start (1997→2023)
+0.04 %
Key insights
- From 1997 to 2023, R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) changed by +0.04 %.
- Most recent year-over-year change (2022→2023): +0.02 %.
- Lowest level: 0.17 % in 2007.
- Highest level: 0.52 % in 2014.
R&D Expenditure Chart (1997–2023)
*Average based on available data from 193 UN member countries
R&D Expenditure Table (1997–2023)
| Year | R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 1997 | 0.36 % |
| 1998 | 0.41 % |
| 1999 | 0.33 % |
| 2000 | 0.42 % |
| 2001 | 0.29 % |
| 2002 | 0.24 % |
| 2003 | 0.21 % |
| 2004 | 0.23 % |
| 2005 | 0.23 % |
| 2006 | 0.19 % |
| 2007 | 0.17 % |
| 2008 | 0.22 % |
| 2009 | 0.20 % |
| 2010 | 0.22 % |
| 2011 | 0.22 % |
| 2012 | 0.33 % |
| 2013 | 0.44 % |
| 2014 | 0.52 % |
| 2015 | 0.44 % |
| 2016 | 0.44 % |
| 2017 | 0.35 % |
| 2018 | 0.36 % |
| 2019 | 0.37 % |
| 2020 | 0.37 % |
| 2021 | 0.37 % |
| 2022 | 0.38 % |
| 2023 | 0.40 % |
Source: World Bank
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