Pakistan’s R&D Expenditure (% of GDP)
#60 of 105 in the R&D Expenditure progress rankings
Gross domestic expenditure on Research & Development as a percentage of GDP. Includes current and capital spending from business, government, higher education, and private non-profit sectors.
Latest (2023)
0.16 %
Year-over-year
0.00 %
Change since start (1997→2023)
+0.00 %
Key insights
- From 1997 to 2023, R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) changed by +0.00 %.
- Most recent year-over-year change (2021→2023): +0.00 %.
- Lowest level: 0.10 % in 2000.
- Highest level: 0.52 % in 2007.
R&D Expenditure Chart (1997–2023)
*Average based on available data from 193 UN member countries
R&D Expenditure Table (1997–2023)
| Year | R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 1997 | 0.16 % |
| 1998 | 0.11 % |
| 1999 | 0.12 % |
| 2000 | 0.10 % |
| 2001 | 0.12 % |
| 2002 | 0.16 % |
| 2005 | 0.33 % |
| 2007 | 0.52 % |
| 2009 | 0.40 % |
| 2011 | 0.30 % |
| 2013 | 0.26 % |
| 2015 | 0.22 % |
| 2017 | 0.21 % |
| 2019 | 0.17 % |
| 2021 | 0.16 % |
| 2023 | 0.16 % |
Source: World Bank