Poland’s R&D Expenditure (% of GDP)
#37 of 105 in the R&D Expenditure progress rankings
Gross domestic expenditure on Research & Development as a percentage of GDP. Includes current and capital spending from business, government, higher education, and private non-profit sectors.
Latest (2022)
1.45 %
Year-over-year
+0.02 %
Change since start (1996→2022)
+0.81 %
Key insights
- From 1996 to 2022, R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) changed by +0.81 %.
- Most recent year-over-year change (2021→2022): +0.02 %.
- Lowest level: 0.54 % in 2003.
- Highest level: 1.45 % in 2022.
R&D Expenditure Chart (1996–2022)
*Average based on available data from 193 UN member countries
R&D Expenditure Table (1996–2022)
| Year | R&D Expenditure (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 1996 | 0.64 % |
| 1997 | 0.64 % |
| 1998 | 0.66 % |
| 1999 | 0.68 % |
| 2000 | 0.64 % |
| 2001 | 0.62 % |
| 2002 | 0.56 % |
| 2003 | 0.54 % |
| 2004 | 0.55 % |
| 2005 | 0.56 % |
| 2006 | 0.55 % |
| 2007 | 0.56 % |
| 2008 | 0.60 % |
| 2009 | 0.66 % |
| 2010 | 0.73 % |
| 2011 | 0.75 % |
| 2012 | 0.89 % |
| 2013 | 0.88 % |
| 2014 | 0.95 % |
| 2015 | 1.00 % |
| 2016 | 0.97 % |
| 2017 | 1.04 % |
| 2018 | 1.21 % |
| 2019 | 1.32 % |
| 2020 | 1.39 % |
| 2021 | 1.43 % |
| 2022 | 1.45 % |
Source: World Bank